Development of Technology is one of the main factors of political change of the modem world. A technological change could change nature and structure of political arrangements of the society. This restructuring of the society could happen by economic and professional change, by creating new division of labor, by creating new classes and new resources, and so on. In this article, first of all, a definition of innovation and distinction between invention and innovation is elaborated. At the second part of the article a review of theoretical literature is presented. And at the final part of the article the result of the statistical analysis is presented. The results show that institutional variables are more important to explain innovation.

Technological innovation, because of it's curtail role in socio-economic development is one of the important aspects of governmental policies. In this article technological innovation is studied by an institutional approach. Public policy by applying this approach could use norms, regulations and other institutional measures to improve innovations and technological policy. More specifically in this article we elaborate this hypothesis: technological innovation depend on coordination and collaboration of regulations, norms, enterprises interactions, training and government policy.

In order to improve understanding of the structure and dynamics of innovation systems, researchers and policy analysts have studied the various empirical cases. However, policymakers often face with problems in exploiting practical strategies. Among the different approaches to innovation systems, the technological innovation system has a close relationship with the concept of innovation policy. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate the technological innovation system, its structures and functions and also to analyse this concept for a scheme of innovation policy and technology development. The influence of contexts and life cycles that affect the policy process are also considered. Finally, in order to illustrate the application of the concepts, the photovoltaic technological innovation system in Iran is investigated.

Sience and technology should be put in the practice in the context of invention and operational approach. In this way major scientific and technological policies must be taken into consideration. In the field of defensive technological invention, If the needs systematically, can be repeatedly respond in the frame of a model, high efficiency will have gained in the battle front. In hybrid war, many samples of abilities and inventional innovation efficiency earned, wich inspiring this research. The purpose of this research is to design a strategic model for the technological innovation system in hybrid war. The present study population consisted of researchers, faculty members, experts and experts in military technology in the field of ground combat. 100 of them were identified and 80 were selected by simple random sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that defensive notification policies, innovation capacity, operational dimension of innovation knowledge of tactics and defense theories are the main prerequisites for the model and creativity, innovation, sensemaking, design, technology and knowledge brekthrough are the most important dimensions and main variables of the strategy model of the technological innovation system in the field of hybrid war.

Innovation systems of any countries is one of the most important subjects that affected directly by science and technology policies. Innovation systems are categorized to: technological, sectoral, regional and national innovation systems. New compounding advantages made by combining every two approaches of innovation systems. In Iran, according to the importance of upstream sector of petroleum industry, petrochemical sector has requirements for creating added value from innovation. According to the sectoral management, the combination technological and sectoral innovation systems seem appropriate for closer analysis of dominated conditions on innovation in this arena. Therefore in this paper, introduced interactions in sectoral innovation system were applied for modeling the technological innovation system about one of the catalystes of Petrochemical industry in Iran. Proposed model was developed by using the System Dynamics approach. Also in this model, Monte Carlo simulation was used to indicate the functions behavior during the innovation lifecycle. The results predict the functions state of the innovation system, analyzing the innovation life cycle and the requirements governing its development. This indicates the status of the development of selected technology in technological innovation system studied.